What is the major complication associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)?

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is primarily characterized by hormonal imbalances that can lead to a variety of complications, but infertility is considered the major complication associated with this condition. Women with PCOS often experience irregular menstrual cycles and anovulation due to a lack of ovulation, which is a common barrier to conception. The hormonal irregularities also affect the quality of the oocytes produced, further contributing to difficulties in achieving pregnancy.

While ovarian torsion, endometriosis, and ectopic pregnancy are also significant health issues that can occur in women of reproductive age, they are not directly linked to the pathophysiology of PCOS. Ovarian torsion typically results from anatomical abnormalities or cyst formation rather than PCOS itself, endometriosis is a separate condition characterized by endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, and ectopic pregnancy is usually related to past pelvic infections or scarring rather than PCOS. Thus, infertility stands out as the primary and most concerning complication associated with PCOS, making it imperative for healthcare providers to address this issue early in management of the syndrome.