What is the mechanism of action of glyburide in patients with diabetes?

Glyburide is an oral hypoglycemic agent belonging to the class of medications known as sulfonylureas. Its primary mechanism of action is to stimulate insulin secretion from the pancreatic beta cells. When blood glucose levels rise, glyburide binds to specific receptors on the beta cells, leading to the closure of potassium channels. This causes depolarization of the cell membrane, which triggers an influx of calcium ions. The increased intracellular calcium concentration stimulates the release of insulin into the bloodstream.

By enhancing insulin secretion, glyburide helps lower blood glucose levels effectively, making it a valuable option in managing type 2 diabetes. Unlike other mechanisms, glyburide does not increase glucose absorption from the intestines, alter glucagon secretion directly, or increase insulin resistance. Its action is focused on promoting natural insulin release as a response to elevated blood glucose levels.