What is the most common malpresentation in fetal delivery?

Breech presentation is recognized as the most common malpresentation during fetal delivery. A breech presentation occurs when the fetus is positioned with the buttocks or feet downward instead of the head. This scenario is seen in about 3-4% of term pregnancies, making it a significant concern for obstetricians during labor. The primary complication associated with breech presentation is the increased risk of delivery complications such as cord prolapse and head entrapment, which can lead to adverse outcomes for both the mother and the baby.

While transverse lie, occipito-posterior position, and face presentation are also types of malpresentation, they are less common compared to breech. Transverse lie involves the fetus lying sideways in the uterus, which occurs in approximately 1% of term pregnancies. Occipito-posterior position refers to a situation where the baby's head is facing upward instead of down, and although it can complicate labor, it is not as prevalent as breech presentations. Face presentation, where the fetal face is positioned to deliver first, is extremely rare. Thus, among all the options, breech presentation stands out as the most frequently encountered malpresentation in obstetric practice.