What is the primary screening tool for gestational diabetes?

The primary screening tool for gestational diabetes is the 1-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). This test is typically conducted between 24 to 28 weeks of pregnancy and involves the patient consuming a glucose solution after fasting. One hour later, blood glucose levels are measured. If the glucose level exceeds a certain threshold, it indicates that further testing may be necessary to confirm a diagnosis of gestational diabetes.

The 1-hour test is favored for its efficiency and ease of administration. It serves as a preliminary screening tool, allowing healthcare providers to quickly identify patients who may be at risk. If results are abnormal, a follow-up 3-hour OGTT is often performed to confirm the diagnosis.

In contrast, other tests mentioned, such as the 2-hour OGTT, fasting blood glucose, and hemoglobin A1c, are not used as the initial routine screening for gestational diabetes. While they have their indications in assessing glucose metabolism or diagnosing diabetes in non-pregnant individuals, the 1-hour OGTT is specifically recommended for screening during pregnancy due to its established parameters and protocols for gestational diabetes management.