What is the risk associated with combined systemic hormone replacement therapy in menopausal women?

The correct choice highlights the increased risk of thromboembolic disease associated with combined systemic hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in menopausal women. When estrogen and progestin are used together in HRT, they can influence coagulation pathways, leading to a heightened risk of thromboembolic events such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. This risk underscores the importance of careful patient selection and monitoring when considering HRT for menopausal symptoms.

Combined HRT is typically prescribed to alleviate menopause-related symptoms, but the benefits must be weighed against the potential risks, particularly in women with preexisting conditions or risk factors for thrombosis. It is essential for healthcare providers to assess individual patient risk profiles to minimize complications associated with therapy.

While other factors may affect women during menopause, such as changes in cervical health, bone density, or fertility, these are not directly correlated with the use of combined systemic hormone replacement therapy. The focus on thromboembolic risk is particularly pertinent because it is a well-documented complication linked to estrogen therapy, making it a critical component of patient care and education in the context of managing menopausal symptoms.