Which of the following is a risk factor for developing endometrial carcinoma?

Nulliparity is indeed a recognized risk factor for developing endometrial carcinoma. This refers to women who have never given birth, and it is associated with an increased exposure to estrogen without the balancing effect of progesterone that occurs during pregnancy. Estrogen stimulates the growth of the endometrial lining, and when insufficient progesterone is present to counteract this effect, it can lead to atypical hyperplasia and eventually endometrial cancer.

While other factors mentioned, such as gestational diabetes or a history of antenatal steroids, can influence overall health and pregnancy outcomes, they are not directly linked as significant risk factors for endometrial carcinoma. Frequent menstrual cycles may vary widely among women, but they do not inherently increase the risk for endometrial cancer. In contrast, conditions that lead to anovulation, prolonged exposure to unopposed estrogen, and factors like obesity and other hormonal imbalances are more closely tied to the development of endometrial carcinoma. Therefore, recognizing nulliparity as a risk factor highlights the critical relationship between reproductive history and endometrial health.