Which vitamin is associated with teratogenic effects during pregnancy?

Vitamin A is associated with teratogenic effects during pregnancy due to its crucial role in embryonic development, particularly in the formation of the fetal central nervous system, heart, and eyes. High doses of vitamin A, especially in the form of retinoids (such as those found in certain acne medications), can lead to serious birth defects. These defects may manifest as craniofacial abnormalities, neural tube defects, and other organ malformations.

It's essential for pregnant individuals to be cautious with vitamin A intake, as both deficiency and excess can pose risks. The recommended dietary allowances for vitamin A during pregnancy are set sufficiently to avoid deficiency while steering clear of high concentrations that could result in teratogenic effects.